Patel Plastic Surgery Salt Lake City and St. George
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    • Facelift
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    • Lower Blepharoplasty
    • Upper Blepharoplasty
    • Midface Lift/Hammock Lift
    • Necklift
    • Cosmetic Surgery for Men
    • Lip Lines
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    • Mouth
    • Neck Liposuction
    • Fat Transfer
    • Skin Resurfacing
    • Cheeks
    • Removal of Moles, Lesions, Tags, Cysts and Blemishes
    • Facial Implants
    • Otoplasty, Ear Pinning, or Bat-Ear Repair
    • Complications?
  • Reconstruction
    • Acquired Ptosis and Dermatochalasis
    • Congenital Ptosis
    • Ptosis in Myasthenia Gravis
    • Blepharophimosis Syndrome
    • Entropion
    • Ectropion
    • Thyroid Eye Disease
    • Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction
    • Skin Tumors
    • Orbital Tumors
    • Blepharospasm
    • Pterygium
    • Anophthalmos and Microphthalmos
    • Enucleation and Evisceration
    • Exenteration
    • Symblepharon
    • Congenital Anomalies - Lid Disorders
    • Acne Rosacea
    • Trauma
    • Infections
  • Non Invasive
    • Photorejuvenation
    • Aerolase Laser
    • Botox
    • Radiesse
    • Restylane
    • Juvederm
    • Fractional Carbon Dioxide CO2 Laser
    • Fractional Resurfacing Lasers: Erbium lasers
    • Laser Hair Removal
    • Kybella
    • Chemical Peels
    • XEOMIN ®
    • Voluma
    • LATISSE EYELASH TREATMENT
    • Leg Veins and Spider Vein Treatment
    • Sculptra
    • Neck and Chest Cosmetic Concerns
    • Dysport
    • Accent Radiofrequency
    • Microdermabrasion and Light Chemical Peels
    • Melasma
    • Laser Tattoo Removal
    • Color and Texture Issues – Brown Spots on Face, Redness
    • Scars and Acne
    • Permanent Cosmetic Makeup
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Symblepharon

what is Symblepharon

A symblepharon is a fibrous tract that connects bulbar conjunctiva to conjunctiva on the eyelid.
Picture
Symblepharon, Normal Fornix
Picture
Symblepharon, Upper Fornix

When do Symblepharons occur?

  1. Cicatricial pemphigoid; auto-immune disease which affects mucus membranes such as the mouth and oral pharynx, conjunctiva, nares and genitalia
  2. Atopic keratoconjunctivitis: This is a hypersensitivity to environmental allergies including asthma, rhinitis, dermatitis and eczema.
  3. Toxic epidermal necrosis (TEN): A potentially life-threatening disorder which is commonly drug-induced.
  4. Stevens Johnson Syndrome
  5. Trauma
  6. Burns
  7. Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid disease
  8. Erythema multiforme: This is an acute multi-cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction

Charateristics of steven johnson syndrom

  1. Equal age and sex distribution
  2. disease associated with a 5-15% mortality rate
  3. Ocular involvement in 50%
  4. Associated with various infections and medications most notably sulfa
  5. Ocular involvement in 50%

pathogenesis of steven johnshon syndrom

Angiitis-->Erythematous lesion-->Bullae-->Rupture-->Scar

​Prodrome
:
  1. Fever, chills, and headache
  2. 7 days later bullous mucosal lesions develop

sequealae

  1. Problems are related to the destruction of Goblet cells and a lack of conjunctival mucus which leads to keratinization and scarring.
  2. Lid scarring with symblepharon
  3. Corneal scarring
  4. Keratitis sicc
"Well, the last time I had a picture taken I could hardly see my eyes because of the weight of heavy eyelid. Then I paid attention to how I was actually using my eyes and I really noticed when I was looking at anything especially the computer I was straining my forehead to see better. Since I have had it done I no longer have to lift the forehead and tilt my head to see. It is amazing! I love..."  D. Rock  63 Yrs Old with Fat Droopy Eyes - Salt Lake City, UT

What are the treatment options?

Careful removal of the symblepharon and either adjacent tissue rearrangement, conjunctival graft or use of an amniotic membrane graft may be performed. The amniotic membrane has some advantages when
​autogenous conjunctiva is not available:
​

It facilitates epithelialization
It maintains normal epithelial phenotype (with goblet cells when performed on conjunctiva ),
It reduce inflammation, vascularization and scarring.

The use of human amniotic membrane for the surgical treatment of an ocular surface disorder was initially reported by de Rotth  in 1940. During the 1990s, the role of amniotic membrane transplantation in treating a variety of ocular surface defects and abnormalities has been revived.
Picture
Chemical Burns
Picture
Corneal/Sclera Ulceration & Peforations
Picture
Pterygium
Picture
Tumors
Picture
Stevens-Johnson's Syndrome

symblepharon- treating diseases of the ocular surface

The goal of ocular surface reconstruction is to reconstruct a functional ocular surface. Conjunctival grafts, buccal mucosa or preserved amniotic membrane can be employed.
​
  1. Mucous membrane grafting has rarely been used as a treatment for unilateral chemical injury and is used in desperate cases of bilateral injury where advancement of Tenon's capsule is not possible and allograft limbal tissue is not available.
  2. Amniotic membrane transplantation provides a favorable extracellular matrix substrate for epithelial migration and adhesion. This procedure is not effective in replacing the normal stem cells. An amniotic membrane transplant is often one step in a sequence of procedures.

steps in the surgical technique include

  1. Remove scar tissue of the ocular surface
  2. Perform superficial keratectomy
  3. Recess the residual conjunctival free border toward the fornix
  4. Drape the amniotic membrane over the denuded ocular surface
  5. Suture graft to the free conjunctival tissues
  6. Perform partial tarsorrhaphy to prevent graft movement
  7. Use a conformer to prevent the adhesion of mucosal membranes
"I had a excellent eye lift done by Dr. Patel. He knows what he is doing and is very pleasant. Dr.Patel was easy to get an appointment and he works with you. The office staff was very pleasant and made you feel calm."  D. Gull Highly recommended for eye lift surgery - Salt Lake City, UT

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Locations: 
​

​Dr. BCK Patel MD, FRCS
​1025E 3300S
Salt Lake City, Utah  84106, USA
​(801) 413-3599 (phone/text)
E: [email protected]
bckpatel.info

---------------------------------------
Dr. BCK Patel MD, FRCS
585 E Riverside Dr Suite 201
​Saint George, UT 84790
(435) 215-0014
​E: [email protected]
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Conditions

Aging Of The Face
Aging of Lower Eyelids
Aging of the Forehead and Brows
Aging of Eyelashes
Aging of the Cheeks
Aging of the Neck
Aging of the Lips
Aging of the Mouth
Aging of the Chin
Aging of Eyelashes
Aging of the Hands
Aging Of Skin Colour
Aging Of Hair
​Aging of the Jowls
Aging of Men
Aging of the Skin
Aging of Veins and Vessels
Scars

Cosmetic

Facelift
Browlifts
Lower Blepharoplasty/Hammock Lift
Upper Blepharoplasty
Midface Lift/Hammock Lift
Necklift
Lips
Mouth
Neck Liposuction
Fat Transfer
Skin Resurfacing
Cheeks
J-PLASMA SKIN RESURFACING
J-PLAZTY FACE
Removal of Moles, Lesions, Tags, Cysts and Blemishes
Facial Implants
Otoplasty, Ear Pinning, or Bat-Ear Repair
​Complications?

Reconstruction

​Entropion
Acquired Ptosis
Ectropion
Congenital Ptosis
Blepharospasm
Anophthalmos and Microphthalmos
Thyroid Eye Disease
Enucleation and Evisceration
Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction
Symblepharon
Congenital Anomalies - Lid Disorders
Acne Rosacea
Trauma
Infections
Skin Tumors
Orbital Tumors

Non- Invasive

 Photorejuvenation
Aerolase Laser
Botox
Laser Hair Removal
Kybella
Juvederm
Chemical Peels
Fractional Carbon Dioxide CO2 Laser
XEOMIN ®
Voluma
Latisse Eyelash Treatment
Leg Veins and Spider Vein Treatment
Sculptra
Neck and Chest Cosmetic Concerns
Restylane
Dysport
Accent Radiofrequency
Microdermabrasion and Light Chemical Peels
Melasma
Fractional Resurfacing Lasers: Erbium lasers
Color and Texture Issues – Brown Spots on Face, Redness
Laser Tattoo Removal
Radiesse
Acne
​Permanent Cosmetic Makeup

VIDEOS

links
​
www.hammocklift.com

WWW.PATELFACELIFT.COM

www.englishsurgeon.com

www.drbhupendrapatel.com
​
bckpatel.info

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Patel Plastic Surgery  .  Copyright 2025 . All Rights Reserved
  • Home
  • Locations
    • Plastic Surgery Salt Lake City
    • Plastic Surgery St. George
  • Conditions
    • Aging Of The Face
    • Aging of Lower Eyelids
    • Aging of the Forehead and Brows
    • Aging of Upper Eyelids
    • Aging of the Cheeks
    • Aging of the Neck
    • Aging of the Lips
    • Aging of the Mouth
    • Aging of the Chin
    • Aging of Eyelashes
    • Aging of the Hands
    • Aging Of Skin Colour
    • Aging Of Hair
    • Aging of the Jowls
    • Aging of Men
    • Aging of the Skin
    • Aging of Veins and Vessels
    • Scars
  • Cosmetic
    • Facelift
    • Browlifts
    • Lower Blepharoplasty
    • Upper Blepharoplasty
    • Midface Lift/Hammock Lift
    • Necklift
    • Cosmetic Surgery for Men
    • Lip Lines
    • Lips
    • Mouth
    • Neck Liposuction
    • Fat Transfer
    • Skin Resurfacing
    • Cheeks
    • Removal of Moles, Lesions, Tags, Cysts and Blemishes
    • Facial Implants
    • Otoplasty, Ear Pinning, or Bat-Ear Repair
    • Complications?
  • Reconstruction
    • Acquired Ptosis and Dermatochalasis
    • Congenital Ptosis
    • Ptosis in Myasthenia Gravis
    • Blepharophimosis Syndrome
    • Entropion
    • Ectropion
    • Thyroid Eye Disease
    • Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction
    • Skin Tumors
    • Orbital Tumors
    • Blepharospasm
    • Pterygium
    • Anophthalmos and Microphthalmos
    • Enucleation and Evisceration
    • Exenteration
    • Symblepharon
    • Congenital Anomalies - Lid Disorders
    • Acne Rosacea
    • Trauma
    • Infections
  • Non Invasive
    • Photorejuvenation
    • Aerolase Laser
    • Botox
    • Radiesse
    • Restylane
    • Juvederm
    • Fractional Carbon Dioxide CO2 Laser
    • Fractional Resurfacing Lasers: Erbium lasers
    • Laser Hair Removal
    • Kybella
    • Chemical Peels
    • XEOMIN ®
    • Voluma
    • LATISSE EYELASH TREATMENT
    • Leg Veins and Spider Vein Treatment
    • Sculptra
    • Neck and Chest Cosmetic Concerns
    • Dysport
    • Accent Radiofrequency
    • Microdermabrasion and Light Chemical Peels
    • Melasma
    • Laser Tattoo Removal
    • Color and Texture Issues – Brown Spots on Face, Redness
    • Scars and Acne
    • Permanent Cosmetic Makeup
  • Resources
    • Patient Forms & Downloads
    • Out Of State and Overseas Patients
    • Reviews
    • VIDEOS Patel Plastic Surgery
  • About
  • Blog
  • Contact